Driving in Snow: What You Need to Know
Winter driving presents unique challenges, especially when snow blankets the roads. At The Wiser Driver Driving School, we’ve seen how proper preparation and knowledge can make all the difference.
Driving in snow requires specific skills and precautions that many drivers overlook. This guide will equip you with essential tips to navigate snowy conditions safely and confidently.
How to Winterize Your Vehicle
Winterizing your vehicle is an essential step for safe winter driving. This preparation can prevent dangerous situations and costly repairs.
Tire Check and Replacement
Your tires provide the first defense against slippery roads. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that winter tires are more effective than all-season tires in deep snow. We recommend a switch to winter tires when temperatures consistently fall below 45°F (7°C). To check your tire tread depth, use the penny test. Insert a penny into the tread with Lincoln’s head upside down. If you see the top of his head, it’s time for new tires.
Fluid Levels and Antifreeze
Cold weather demands proper fluid levels for optimal vehicle performance. Top up your windshield washer fluid with a winter-specific formula to prevent freezing. Check your antifreeze mixture – it should contain a 50/50 ratio of antifreeze and water. This mixture prevents freezing in temperatures as low as -34°F (-36°C). Don’t neglect your oil level. Consider a switch to winter-grade oil if you live in an area with extremely cold temperatures.
Emergency Kit Essentials
A well-stocked emergency kit can save lives in winter conditions. Your kit should contain a shovel, ice scraper, jumper cables, flashlight (with extra batteries), first aid kit, blankets, extra warm clothing and boots, non-perishable snacks, water, sand or kitty litter for traction, and a portable phone charger.
Battery Care
Cold weather can strain your car’s battery. Test your battery’s strength before winter sets in. Most auto parts stores offer free battery testing. If your battery is more than three years old, consider a replacement. Clean any corrosion from the battery terminals and cables to ensure a strong connection.
Wiper Blade Inspection
Clear visibility is paramount for safe winter driving. Inspect your wiper blades for signs of wear or cracking. Replace them if necessary with winter-specific blades that can handle heavy snow and ice. Fill your windshield washer reservoir with a winter-specific fluid that won’t freeze in low temperatures.
Brake System Check
Your brakes need to perform optimally in slippery conditions. Have a professional inspect your brake system, including the pads, rotors, and brake fluid. If you hear any squealing or feel any vibrations when braking, address these issues immediately.
The next step in preparing for winter driving involves mastering specific techniques for navigating snowy roads. These skills can make the difference between a safe journey and a dangerous situation.
How to Drive Safely in Snow
Snow-covered roads demand specific driving techniques. Adapting your driving style to these conditions can significantly improve your safety. Here’s how you can navigate snowy roads with confidence:
Reduce Speed and Increase Distance
Speed poses a major threat on snowy roads. The Federal Highway Administration reports that 24% of weather-related vehicle crashes occur on snowy, slushy, or icy pavement. You should reduce your speed well below the posted limit. This action provides more reaction time to hazards and minimizes skidding risk. Advancing speed management for safety can reduce speeding-related injuries and fatalities on the Nation’s highways and byways.
You must also increase your following distance to 8 to 10 seconds. This extra space creates a larger buffer zone for sudden stops. The National Safety Council recommends increasing following distance to 8 to 10 seconds on snow-covered roads.
Execute Smooth Movements
Smooth, gradual movements prove essential when driving in snow. Sudden acceleration, braking, or steering can cause your tires to lose traction and lead to skidding.
When you accelerate from a stop, apply gentle pressure to the gas pedal. If your wheels start to spin, ease off the accelerator until you regain traction. For braking, start early and apply steady, even pressure. If you have anti-lock brakes (ABS), press firmly and hold. The pedal will vibrate (this is normal). Don’t pump ABS brakes.
Use Lower Gears for Control
Lower gears can provide better traction and control in snowy conditions. If you drive a manual transmission, start in second gear to reduce wheel spin. For automatic transmissions, many modern vehicles have a winter mode or low gear setting. Engage these features for improved stability.
When you descend hills, shift into a lower gear before you start down the slope. This allows the engine to help slow the vehicle, reducing the need for braking. The American Automobile Association (AAA) advises against using cruise control in snowy conditions, as it can reduce your ability to respond quickly to changing road conditions.
Know When to Stop
Even with these skills, you must recognize when conditions become too dangerous. If visibility severely reduces or you feel uncomfortable, find a safe place to pull over and wait for conditions to improve.
While these techniques can significantly improve your safety on snowy roads, it’s equally important to understand common mistakes that drivers often make in these conditions. Let’s explore these pitfalls and how to avoid them in the next section.
Winter Driving Pitfalls
Driving in snow presents unique challenges, and even experienced drivers can fall into common traps. We’ve observed these mistakes repeatedly. Let’s explore some of the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.
The All-Wheel Drive Myth
Many drivers overestimate the capabilities of all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicles in snowy conditions. While AWD improves acceleration on slippery surfaces, it doesn’t enhance braking or cornering. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that in 2021 there were 395 fatal crashes, and an estimated 22,325 injuries due to winter weather conditions.
To stay safe, treat your AWD vehicle with the same caution you would any other car in snowy conditions. Reduce your speed, increase following distances, and brake early. AWD won’t help you stop any faster on icy roads.
Snow Removal Negligence
Failing to clear all snow from your vehicle is not just lazy-it’s dangerous. Snow left on your car can fly off while driving, creating hazards for other motorists. In some states, it’s illegal to drive with snow on your vehicle.
Take the time to remove all snow from your car, including the roof, hood, and trunk. Clear your headlights, taillights, and side mirrors for optimal visibility. The extra few minutes spent clearing snow can prevent accidents and potential legal issues.
Misunderstanding Anti-Lock Brakes
Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are designed to prevent wheel lock-up during hard braking. However, many drivers don’t know how to use ABS correctly in snowy conditions. Pumping the brakes (a technique used with older non-ABS vehicles) actually reduces the effectiveness of ABS.
If your vehicle has ABS, apply firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal during emergency stops. The system will automatically pump the brakes for you. You might feel a pulsing in the pedal-this is normal and means the system is working. Don’t release pressure on the brake pedal until you’ve slowed to a safe speed.
Ignoring Tire Pressure
Cold weather causes tire pressure to drop. For every 10°F decrease in temperature, tire pressure decreases by about 1 PSI. Underinflated tires can lead to difficult steering and poor handling. Check your tire pressure regularly during winter months and inflate them to the manufacturer’s recommended pressure.
Neglecting to Practice
Many drivers overestimate their ability to handle snowy conditions. Without practice, even experienced drivers can struggle in winter weather. Try to find a safe, empty parking lot after a snowfall to practice techniques like gentle braking and recovering from skids. This hands-on experience can prove invaluable when you encounter real winter driving scenarios.
Failing to Plan Ahead
Winter weather can change rapidly, and road conditions can deteriorate quickly. Failing to plan your route or check weather forecasts before heading out can lead to dangerous situations. Always check the weather and road conditions before your trip. Plan extra time for your journey and let someone know your route and expected arrival time.
Final Thoughts
Driving in snow requires specific skills and precautions. You must prepare your vehicle, master essential techniques, and avoid common pitfalls to enhance your safety on winter roads. Reduce your speed, increase following distances, and make smooth movements when behind the wheel.
Practice builds confidence and competence in winter driving conditions. You should seek out safe, empty areas to hone your skills before facing challenging road situations. Check weather forecasts and road conditions to avoid potentially dangerous scenarios.
We at The Wiser Driver Driving School offer programs to boost your winter driving abilities. Our instructors provide hands-on learning experiences for drivers of all ages and skill levels (from defensive driving courses to personalized lessons). Visit our website to learn more about our offerings and how we can help you navigate snowy roads with confidence.
